Here at Twig, we receive a lot of questions about cannabis use and fertility. In Canada, cannabis products can be prescribed and/or purchased legally from authorized retailers and consumed medicinally and/or recreationally. While there isn’t a huge body of research directly on the effects of cannabis use on fertility, there are a few things that we know for sure when it comes to cannabinoids, like THC and CBD, and their impact on eggs and sperm.

THC and your eggs

THC is the major psychoactive component in cannabis and is one of the most researched cannabinoids. Whether ingested or inhaled, THC is absorbed into the bloodstream and reaches reproductive organs like the uterus, fallopian tubes and anterior pituitary, which all have endocannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids may affect many aspects of female reproductive health including fertility and pregnancy outcomes with neonatal implications, however there remain critical gaps in the literature about the potential risks of cannabis use. (Source: National Library of Medicine)

THC and your sperm

Similarly, THC can reach endocannabinoid receptors found in sperm, seminal vesicles and erectile tissue. A 2019 study found that cannabis can play a role in sperm count and concentration as well as abnormalities in sperm morphology (size and shape) and motility (ability to swim).

What about CBD?

CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis that is widely known to have therapeutic and anti-inflammatory properties. While the topical, ingested or inhaled use of CBD is relatively harmless, there isn’t yet enough research available to support its safe use when trying to conceive or throughout pregnancy. 

Cannabis and fertility

Some studies suggest that cannabis use can affect the time it takes to conceive, probability of implantation and the outcomes of IVF. However, the research to date can be conflicting or inconclusive. So, in short, we do not have enough data to fully understand the implications of cannabis use on fertility outcomes.

A compelling and perhaps overlooked factor to consider is the effect of cannabis on our central nervous system, which is what signals arousal, sexual function and behaviour to name a few. Any changes to a person’s libido can be significant when trying to conceive and may contribute to feelings of frustration and stress between partners. 

Our thoughts 

While the exact effects of cannabis on fertility are unclear, we do recommend avoiding consumption, especially by smoking or vaping, if you are thinking about growing your family or improving your reproductive health. If you are using cannabis for medicinal or recreational purposes, we always recommend speaking with your healthcare provider to determine the best approach for you. 

For more on cannabis and fertility, check out this article from our friends at Bird&Be.  

Bird&Be is female-founded and science-backed, offering fertility-supporting products and services for every stage of the journey. You can find Bird&Be prenatal vitamins at Twig Pharmacy.